Researchers from Shanghai Jiao Tong University have successfully utilized a novel screw extrusion-plasticizing friction stir deposition (SEFSD) process to 3D print 5183 aluminum alloy components in the solid state. This innovative approach bypasses the melting phase, significantly reducing common defects like pores and element evaporation. The resulting components showcase a refined microstructure and excellent mechanical properties, paving the way for efficient manufacturing of aerospace and marine structures.

The authors identify appropriate key performance indicators of resilience for AI-integrated cyber-physical infrastructures, and develop a comprehensive framework that can be used by researchers and practitioners as a guideline to model the resilience of such infrastructures at macro and micro levels. They illustrate how the framework can be applied by means of a case study.

Researchers from Emory University and Columbia University have uncovered a link between the gut microbiome and bone loss in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). The study demonstrates that specific gut bacteria, particularly Bifidobacterium longum, may influence bone density by stimulating immune cells that promote bone resorption. The findings suggest that gut microbiome composition could help predict osteoporosis risk in PHPT patients and may open new avenues for preventive interventions.

This study reveals the spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of vegetation net primary production (NPP) across the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) outer ecological barrier, and clarifies the joint impacts of vegetation features, climate and human activities on regional ecological functions.

Tumor cells coexist with diverse immune, stromal, and neural cells in a complex microenvironment. Recent single-cell and spatial transcriptomics have uncovered specialized cell subsets that drive cancer progression, immune evasion, and treatment response. A new review synthesizes these advances, introduces the “virtual tumor” concept for AI-driven ecosystem modeling, and outlines a roadmap from fundamental tumor microenvironment (TME) biology to next-generation precision immunotherapies targeting specific cell populations and their coordinated networks.

Thermal diffusion—a fundamental physical process pervasive in applications ranging from electronics to industrial systems—is inherently irreversible under the second law of thermodynamics. As temperature gradients spontaneously smooth out over time, crucial information regarding the initial thermal state is permanently lost due to entropy increase. This fundamental information loss leads to a severe ill-posedness in inverse thermal problems, where infinitesimal errors in the final observation can cause enormous uncertainties in the reconstructed initial state.