A recent review published in MedComm delves into the molecular and genetic factors driving breast cancer and how the latest advancements in targeted and precision therapies are revolutionizing patient outcomes. The study highlights molecular profiling, AI-driven drug discovery, and adaptive clinical trial designs as crucial tools in addressing therapy resistance and recurrence.

Targeting the issue of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME) during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) immunotherapy, this study was the first to confirm that melarsoprol (MEL), an arsenic-containing drug, activates the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway in tumor cells and induces an antitumor immune response . However, high-dose MEL excessively activates the pro-tumorigenic cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which impairs the immunotherapeutic efficacy. To address this, a poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoparticle (NP) was prepared in this study for the co-delivery of MEL and lenalidomide (LEN), a TNF-α inhibitor. Through erythrocyte membrane camouflage and aminoethyl anisamide (AEAA)-targeted modification, the nanoparticle was precisely enriched in HCC tissues. It significantly reversed the immunosuppressive TME and achieved antitumor effects in two mouse models of HCC . This study provides a novel strategy for the chemoimmunotherapy of HCC.