This study presents a sustainable strategy for upcycling ocean-derived CO₂ and opens new avenues for electrochemically driven biochemical synthesis.

Analysis revealed that ignition occurred during the development stage of the thunderstorm—not the mature stage as traditionally thought. The lightning frequency and intensity were lower in this phase, but the discharge characteristics were unique.

A research team has studied the development of the Shanghai Typhoon Model from a traditional physics-based regional model toward a data-driven, machine-learning typhoon forecasting system. They summarize the model’s performance in Typhoon Danas in 2025, noting that a hybrid Shanghai Typhoon Model provides a significant advancement in forecast accuracy. Their paper outlines a roadmap for evolving the physically driven Shanghai Typhoon Model into a purely data-driven, regional machine-learning weather-prediction model designed for typhoon prediction.