An international study published in Nature Climate Change reveals that vast regions of the global ocean are experiencing compound state change, with simultaneously warming, becoming saltier or fresher, losing oxygen, and acidifying—clear indicators of climate change pushing marine environments into uncharted territory.

The riddle of rising extreme heat days in Europe: Remote “triggers” and local “amplifiers”

Researchers enhance the classic Zebiak–Cane model by refining key atmospheric parameters, improving the realism of ENSO simulation and offering a refined tool for ENSO research.