A new review brings to light the pivotal role of ribonucleases (RNases) in shaping the molecular foundation of Mendelian disorders. These essential enzymes, known for maintaining RNA metabolism, are revealed as central players in a diverse spectrum of human diseases. When disrupted by genetic mutations, RNases lose their ability to regulate RNA dynamics, giving rise to neurological, growth-related, hematopoietic, and mitochondrial dysfunctions.

A new review from Genes and Diseases sheds light on the pivotal role of LINE-1 elements in preimplantation development and totipotency, revealing their essential contributions to early mammalian embryogenesis. Once considered mere genomic relics, these transposable elements are now recognized as crucial regulators of cellular fate and developmental progression.

Recent advancements in dermatology have highlighted the crucial role of dermal T cell immunity in regulating hair follicle regeneration and addressing immune-mediated alopecia. This emerging perspective offers promising insights into the mechanisms that govern hair growth, loss, and potential therapeutic interventions.

Fusion genes, arising from abnormal chromosomal rearrangements, are gaining recognition as pivotal players in cancer development. These genetic alterations result in the creation of hybrid genes with altered functions, often driving tumor progression. The latest review highlights their significant role across various cancers, including hematological malignancies, lung cancer, thyroid cancer, and prostate cancer. As researchers deepen their understanding of these genetic mechanisms, new avenues for precision cancer therapies are emerging.

A dual-protective approach using botulinum toxin (Botox) alongside an anti-nausea patch significantly reduces salivary gland toxicity in patients with metastatic prostate cancer undergoing PSMA-targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy. The strategy led to a 30 percent decrease in PSMA uptake by the salivary glands without affecting the treatment’s cancer-fighting efficacy. This reduction may enhance treatment adherence and improve overall patient outcomes. The findings were presented at the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2025 Annual Meeting.