BrainIAC is an innovative AI foundation model developed by Mass General Brigham that was trained on nearly 49,000 brain MRI scans to identify key neurological health indicators, such as brain age and dementia risk, without the need for extensive labeled datasets. In a new study, it outperformed traditional task-specific models, demonstrating effectiveness in various clinical applications.

Liver cancer is one of the three deadliest cancers worldwide, and metabolic dysfunction-related cases have become increasingly common in recent years. A research team from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) has identified a protein secreted by fat cells that promotes cancer growth and has successfully developed a novel antibody that neutralises this protein, marking a significant breakthrough in impeding the progression of liver cancer. The research findings have been published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation.

POSTECH and ImmunoBiome researchers uncover a novel microbiota-Tfh cell axis to enhance antibody production and mucosal vaccine efficiency.

Researchers from the HUN-REN Szeged Biological Research Centre and HCEMM have just published a new study suggesting that it’s not simply the number of tumour mutations that matters for immunotherapy, but the kind of mutation patterns they create. The team found a distinct “fingerprint” linked to DNA repair problems and chemical exposures that can leave tumours surprisingly hard for the immune system to spot, even when mutation counts are high. The study also points out that a patient’s genetics, including common HLA types in Europeans, can shift how visible the same tumour looks to T cells. The paper was published recently in Molecular Systems Biology.

A UCLA research team has identified the best design for a promising new type of immunotherapy that could be mass-produced to treat multiple solid tumors. The study focused on engineered invariant natural killer T cells, or NKT cells — powerful immune cells with a unique ability to infiltrate solid tumors — and systematically compared four targeting systems, called chimeric antigen receptors, or CARs, that direct these cells to attack cancer.

Scientists discovered key genetic factors that determine whether a T cell acts as a powerful disease fighter or enters an ineffective, exhausted state. Turning off two transcription factors allowed exhausted T cells to regain their ability to kill tumors. The findings could help scientists engineer more powerful T cells for cellular therapies such as adoptive cell transfer (ACT) and CAR T cell therapy.

Early cancer detection often relies on complex, invasive, and time-consuming staining procedures. A research team from Southeast University has developed a novel "label-free" biosensor that uses the physics of "band folding" to unlock high-density hidden electromagnetic modes in the sub-terahertz range. This technology creates a rich spectral fingerprint that can distinguish between normal cells and cancer cells of varying malignancy without chemical markers. By correlating macroscopic electromagnetic signals with microscopic cellular biomass density, this method offers a safe, rapid, and non-destructive path for future clinical cancer screening.

New research from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) illuminates new details about Thetis cells that will support efforts to harness them therapeutically; shows how the timing and strength of danger signals steer immune cell fates; and employs single-nucleus DNA sequencing to shed new light on the evolution of pancreatic cancer.