Delivering therapies to the brain remains a major challenge due to the limited permeability of the blood-brain barrier. In a recent study published in Cell, researchers proposed a strategy to hijack skull-derived immune cells using drug-loaded nanoparticles, leveraging their unique migration mechanism through skull-meninges microchannels to bypass the blood-brain barrier. The team demonstrated efficient in situ construction of nanoparticle-loaded immune cells and their rapid migration to the disease site in response to CNS perturbations, enabling targeted delivery to brain lesions. In preclinical stroke models, this strategy achieved promising therapeutic efficacy in improving both short- and long-term outcomes. A prospective clinical trial further supports the translational feasibility of the calvarial immune access in treating malignant stroke. These findings establish a potentially clinically translatable platform for brain drug delivery.

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a life-threatening complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and clinicians urgently need biomarkers for early prediction and real-time monitoring. In a study published in hLife, Dr. Shunqing Wang’s team at Guangzhou First People’s Hospital longitudinally profiled 111 transplant recipients and identified activated CD38⁺HLA-DR⁺CD8⁺ T cells as a robust predictive and therapeutic biomarker. When this subset exceeded 36.6% in peripheral blood within the first month after transplant, patients were at high risk of developing aGVHD. In an independent cohort of 20 aGVHD patients, dynamic changes in this population closely tracked treatment responses. Mechanistic studies further showed that IL-15 drives bystander activation and NKG2D-dependent cytotoxicity via the PI3K/mTOR pathway, while the anti-CD38 antibody daratumumab selectively depletes these cells and alleviates disease in mouse models.

A comprehensive perspective article, authored by over 40 experts across China, delineates this trajectory, presenting an integrated roadmap that intertwines standardization, pioneering research, personalized health management, and industrial innovation.

Bats are critical viral reservoirs that harbor viromes with a high risk of cross-species transmission. However, the diversity of their viromes in the Indochina Peninsula remains underexplored. A study on bat viromes across China’s Yunnan, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and Cambodia identified 137 viral strains, including 40 new species. Viral richness was highest in Rhinolophidae bats along China’s southwestern border, and Cambodian bat viruses were more evolutionarily distant from known viruses. A porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)-related virus was discovered in Cambodia, showing 90.36% genome homology with PEDV CV777, and exhibiting recombinant features between Suidae-adapted ORF1ab and Chiroptera-adapted Spike genes, suggesting that bat coronaviruses could be the evolutionary source of PEDV. Bat virome and deep learning models predict cross-species transmission risks, highlighting the need for enhanced One Health surveillance targeting viral recombination hotspots and human-bat interfaces in this ecologically critical region.

Owing to the chaotic and non-integrable nature of three-body dynamics, the conventional Keplerian elements are rendered inadequate for cataloging cislunar space objects. Currently, there has been a conspicuous absence of universally recognized parameters for the characterization and cataloging of such objects, posing a significant impediment to effective cislunar space situational awareness. This research published in the Chinese Journal of Aeronautics proposes a novel approach to parameterize the orbits of the Earth-Moon collinear libration points by leveraging the theoretical frameworks of canonical transformations. Six characteristic parameters are established, which maintain a bijective correspondence with the state variables. Specifically, two parameters define the motion of the invariant manifold, while the remaining four parameters characterize the dynamics of the central manifold. Based on the parameters of central manifold, a situation map for depicting the distribution of libration point objects was developed, and its application in orbit identification was explored. This method furnishes novel instrumentation for enhanced space situational awareness and target cataloguing within the cislunar domain, enabling operators to effectively tag, track and manage cislunar objects with a compact, uncertainty-quantified parameter set.

A study from Shandong Technology and Business University uses game theory to explore rural distributed photovoltaic (PV) development from a prosumer lens. It identifies village-PV enterprise collaboration as key to scaling adoption, highlights the need to balance self-consumption and grid capacity to avoid curtailment, and provides targeted policy guidance for rural energy transitions.

The wide-speed-range vehicles have attracted significant attention due to the exceptional performance in autonomous aerospace operations. In a recent innovative study published in the Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, a double swept waverider employing novel vortex-wave coupling technology has addressed the fundamental compromise between high-speed shockwave management and low-speed vortex lift utilization. By integrating basic flow field design with an Improved Multi-Objective Cuckoo Search algorithm, this configuration achieves breakthrough wide-speed-range performance, laying a critical foundation for the development of horizontal take-off and landing aerospace vehicles.

The notion of employing detonation to enhance aerospace propulsion systems has been explored for several decades. In a recent breakthrough, a novel detonation engine known as the Ram-Rotor Detonation Engine has emerged. This innovative engine integrates the processes of propellant compression, detonation combustion, and expansion within a single rotor, enabling it to markedly enhance propulsion efficiency across a broad range of flight Mach numbers.

Chronic lung infections pose a disproportionate threat to older adults, yet the biological mechanisms behind age-specific vulnerability remain poorly understood. A major barrier has been the lack of experimental models that allow long-term infection without overwhelming mortality. This study establishes a stable and survivable model of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in aged mice by delivering bacteria through agar bead encapsulation. The approach enables persistent bacterial colonization while avoiding the lethal outcomes seen with conventional methods. By recreating key features of chronic infection in aging lungs, the model opens new opportunities to explore host–pathogen interactions, immune decline, and disease progression in later life.

A key challenge in parallel adaptive Cartesian grid generation is significant computational load imbalance during k‑d tree searches. A new Dynamic Partition Weight approach, published in the Chinese Journal of Aeronautics (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2025.103921), solves this by predicting each cell’s required k‑d tree iterations and performing intelligent load rebalancing. This method enables the generation of billion‑cell grids for complex aircraft models in less than a minute, offering a breakthrough for high‑fidelity CFD simulations.