Macrophages rely on lysosomes to balance microbial killing with self-protection, generating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during phagocytosis. Using platinum nanoelectrodes, researchers at Wuhan University tracked these reactive molecules in real time, revealing that lysosomal pH acts as a chemical dial. Acidic conditions favor hydrogen peroxide, while mild alkalinization promotes nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, and nitrite. This precise pH-dependent control shapes immune responses, oxidative stress, and inflammatory signaling, offering insights for therapies targeting macrophage function.

Ferroptosis, a regulated cell death mechanism, is emerging as a promising target for cancer therapy. The process is mediated by the activity of acyl-CoA synthetase family member 4 (ACSL4) protein. This study focuses on the role of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), known for promoting various aspects of tumor progression in ACSL4 pathway regulation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This study can help in improving the therapeutic efficiency of immunotherapy in treating RCC.

Tropical cyclones (or hurricanes) are intense storms often featuring high winds, heavy rain and the potential for a lot of damage. Despite the wealth of information on cyclone impacts themselves, there has not been much learned about the impacts cyclones have on oceanic stability and recovery. The Bay of Bengal (BoB) is a hotspot for such activity, leading researchers to look into how the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons might shape the frequency and tenacity of tropical cyclones in this area. A team of researchers compared pre-monsoon and post-monsoon tropical cyclones of the same categories using the same key markers to find significant differences in oceanic conditions between the two seasons. The information found highlights the importance of seasonality in cyclone intensity and the ocean’s response pertaining not only to the Bay of Bengal but also to areas with similar conditions.