High-dose taurine supplementation exacerbated liver inflammation and bacterial translocation. (IMAGE)
Caption
(A) Representative IHC for F4/80 of liver sections and quantification (×10 magnification). (B) Tnfa and Cxcl2 mRNA expression in the liver. (C) Hepatic bacterial load assessed by 16S rRNA gene quantification. (D) Representative IF for Escherichia coli (red) of liver sections (×40 magnification, white arrows indicate positive staining). (E) Tlr4 protein expression in the liver. (F) Representative H&E-staining of intestine sections (×20 magnification). (G) Ileum Cldn1 mRNA expression and representative IF for claudin-1 of intestine sections (upper panel: ×20 magnification; lower: ×40 magnification; red arrows indicate disrupted claudin-1 protein). Data are presented as mean±SEM (n=3–8). *p<0.05, ***p<0.001. AF, alcohol-fed group; AF+3T, alcohol-fed group supplemented with 3 g/kg taurine; Cxcl2, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2; IF, immunofluorescence; IHC, immunohistochemistry; mRNA, messenger RNA; ns, not significant; PF, pair-fed control group; PF+3T, pair-fed group supplemented with 3 g/kg taurine; rRNA, ribosomal RNA; taurine, β-aminoethanesulfonic acid; Tlr4, Toll-like receptor 4; Tnfa, tumour necrosis factor alpha.
Credit
By Jingdan Pei, Lixian Chen, Rahul Pushparaj, et al.
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CC BY-NC