Vanillin flavouring in e-cigarettes disrupts human embryonic stem cell development (IMAGE)

European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology

Vanillin flavouring in e-cigarettes disrupts human embryonic stem cell development

Caption

Cell death staining (caspase-3 marker, green; nuclei in blue): vanillin-treated colonies show visibly more cell death than untreated controls, suggesting colonies could shrink over time.

Credit

Please credit Dr Shabnam Etemadi

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None. Please credit Dr Shabnam Etemadi

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