Vanillin flavouring in e-cigarettes disrupts human embryonic stem cell development (IMAGE)

European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology

Vanillin flavouring in e-cigarettes disrupts human embryonic stem cell development

Caption

OCT4 staining (pluripotency marker): untreated cells show strong green staining (pluripotent); vanillin-treated cells show much weaker staining, indicating loss of pluripotency.

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Please credit Dr Shabnam Etemadi

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None. Please credit Dr Shabnam Etemadi

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