A new study published in Nature Communications reveals that how tree species are arranged in a forest can significantly impact biodiversity, carbon cycling, and overall forest productivity. Researchers from iDiv, Leipzig University, the University of Jena, and CNRS used real-world data and advanced modeling from the BEF-China experiment to simulate forest layouts — from clustered blocks to randomized and line-based plantings.

The findings show that random species arrangements increased tree biomass by 11% and accelerated carbon decomposition by over 10% compared to more uniform planting designs. Line planting, alternating tree rows by species, offered a practical middle ground—balancing ecosystem function with ease of forest management.

This research underscores the importance of spatial diversity, suggesting that smart forest design could unlock new pathways for sustainable forestry, improved carbon storage, and richer ecosystem services. Long-term field trials are planned to further assess these ecological benefits in real-world forests.

We investigated the composition of fish life history strategies across 14 major rivers worldwide and found that variation in environmental factors plays a key role in shaping riverine fish assemblages and life history strategies. In the Yangtze River basin, we observed a shift in environmental conditions from stable to unstable states. These findings highlight the potential of life history strategies as effective indicators for monitoring riverine ecological conditions.

Understanding whether lakes are fed predominantly by groundwater or rainwater is critical to managing our water resources in the face of droughts and shortages, new research has found.