Kyoto, Japan -- Around the world, we are already witnessing the detrimental effects of climate change, which we know will only become more severe. Extreme weather events such as heavy rainfall, tropical cyclones, and heat waves are projected to intensify, and this will negatively impact both human society and natural ecosystems.

Assessing how climate change affects extreme weather is important not only from a scientific point of view, but also from a practical perspective. It is critical that we start adapting to climate change and mitigating the effects of potential disasters.

This situation has motivated a team of researchers at Kyoto University to investigate how climate change -- in particular, rising temperatures -- affects precipitation in Japan. The team has focused on heavy rainfall patterns and what kind of atmospheric conditions influence their characteristics.

Researchers conducted a detailed mobile observation survey of methane emissions in the Osaka metropolitan area. Researchers found overlooked sources of greenhouse gas emissions.

The Antarctic is a harsh and unforgiving climate for many, though there is no shortage of important biological activity happening in the frigid temperatures. Antarctic marine viruses, while proven to be important players in the ecosystem, are not completely understood. Here, researchers aim to fill in the gap between what is known and what is unknown, with a primary focus on RNA viruses, the influence of climate change and what the implications might mean for the rest of the world.

POSTECH analyzed the contribution of wildfires to changes in fine particulate matter PM_2.5 concentrations during drought periods.

This study is the first to value the benefit of mangroves using industry catastrophe-risk models and, overall, found that these trees reduce flood losses for coastal properties built inland of the them.

Miniaturized stone tools have long been recognized as hallmarks of human adaptation, but their role in South China has remained scarcely investigated. 

Allowing dairy cows to graze on fresh grass in open pastures for a significant proportion of the year seems more natural and sustainable. And there are proven advantages for the environment: stable grasslands promote biodiversity, protect the soil, and support carbon storage. However, farms face challenges as they are heavily dependent on the weather and the time of the year. Farming is more productive when the pastures have a wide variety of different grasses, herbs and legumes, such as clover and chicory. A research team at the University of Göttingen has analysed this strategy using a meta-analysis of a number of studies. The analysis showed that the diversity of pastureland has no effect on milk production or on emissions of the greenhouse gas methane, which cows emit mainly when they burp. However, a higher proportion of legumes can promote milk production. The results were published in the journal Food and Energy Security.