This large-scale study examined objective sleep data from 88,461 adults and linked 172 diseases to distinct sleep traits. Nearly half of these associations were related to sleep regularity alone. The study also questioned the assumed risks of long sleep, attributing prior findings to subjective misreporting. The results offer strong evidence for refining sleep health guidelines and targeting sleep interventions more effectively.

As global climate change intensifies, ocean acidification is becoming a ‘relentless killer’ threatening coral reef ecosystems. Recently, a research paper published in the international authoritative journal Research has revealed diverse survival strategies of reef-building corals in response to ocean acidification, providing a new perspective for understanding and protecting this fragile marine ecosystem.

Immunotherapy has shown tremendous potential in cancer treatment but remains ineffective for most patients. Researchers continue to develop new therapeutic strategies to enhance both the safety and treatment efficacy of immunotherapy. A commentary authored by the group of Bo Xiao and Chenghui Wang at University of Electronic Science and Technology of China introduces a new strategy combining systemic type I interferons (IFN-I) with topical Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonists to enhance the antitumor effect of PD-1 antibodies. The commentary, titled “Systemic IFN-I Synergizes with Topical TLR7/8 Agonists to Suppress Metastatic Tumors,” was published in Research. 

This study assessed the diagnostic accuracy and fairness of multimodal large language models (ChatGPT-4 and LLaVA) in identifying skin diseases across various demographic groups. Analysis of approximately 10,000 medical images showed that while these AI models generally outperform traditional approaches, biases in performance related to sex and age were evident, particularly with LLaVA showing clear sex-related disparities.

Researchers advocate for attention to demographic fairness in AI-driven healthcare solutions. Further studies are planned to include additional demographic factors such as skin tone, aiming to enhance AI usability and reliability across diverse patient populations.

A new method harnessing the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) satellite constellation significantly improves the accuracy of soil moisture retrieval by eliminating vegetation interference and removing dependency on external datasets.