Chinese Medical Journal study provides updates on rising burden of breast cancer in China

Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide and is the second most common cancer among women. In China, the burden of breast cancer has increased notably, making it essential to examine the latest data and trends to address this evolving health landscape effectively. Understanding these patterns is crucial for developing strategies to combat the disease and improve patient outcomes.

In 2022, China experienced an increase in breast cancer cases, with approximately 357,200 new cases and nearly 75,000 related deaths reported. In response to this, a research team from the National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College in Beijing, conducted a comprehensive study, to address the need for updated and detailed information on breast cancer's impact in China. Their study, which was led by Professor Jie He, was published in the Chinese Medical Journal and made available online on September 05, 2024.

This research focuses on incidence rates, mortality rates, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). By analyzing the data across various dimensions, the study aims to showcase the current state of breast cancer in China and identify opportunities for enhancing prevention and treatment strategies, ultimately guiding public health efforts.

The research was conducted using population-based cancer surveillance data from 2018 aligning with the latest GLOBOCAN 2022 findings. Researchers analyzed breast cancer cases, examining how the disease varies across urban and rural areas, different age groups, and pathological types. Comparisons were made with international benchmarks to provide a comprehensive view of the disease burden. This thorough examination offered a clear picture of the disease’s distribution and impact across the country.

Prof. He explains, “The findings reveal that breast cancer remains a significant health issue and is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The disease burden is higher in urban areas and among women aged 50 to 64 years showing that incidence and mortality rates vary significantly between different regions and age groups.” Pathologically, invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common type, followed by papillary neoplasms and rare and salivary gland-type tumors.

The Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR) is relatively low compared to other countries; however, screening coverage in China is lower than in other countries, contributing to the lower ASIR but higher overall disease burden due to the large population. The study estimated that the DALYs associated with breast cancer were significant, reflecting the high disease burden in China. Several modifiable risk factors influenced the DALYs, including high body mass index, elevated fasting plasma glucose levels, excessive alcohol consumption, and the adoption of Westernized dietary habits.

“Despite the lower ASIR compared to some neighboring countries, the sheer number of cases and DALYs highlights a significant public health challenge. The data suggests that as China continues to develop economically and the population ages, the incidence of breast cancer is likely to rise, potentially reaching levels seen in more developed regions.” shares Prof. He

This study offers a thorough overview of the current status of female breast cancer in China, based on the most reliable population-based cancer surveillance data. It provides a detailed understanding of the geographical, age, and pathological distribution of the disease, serving as a critical reference for developing targeted cancer prevention and control programs. It highlights the importance of enhancing breast cancer screening programs, improving the accuracy of cancer registry data, and increasing awareness about breast cancer risk factors.

Overall, the findings serve as a clarion call for intensified research and innovative public health initiatives to tackle the escalating breast cancer burden in China and safeguard future generations.

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Reference

DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000003278