Revolutionary microfluidic sensors enable real-time detection of multiple heavy metals in water

Recently, a group of researchers from Institute of Solid State Physics, the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, designed and developed advanced microfluidic sensor arrays that use fluorescent probes to simultaneously visualize and quantitatively detect multiple heavy metal ions in environmental water in real-time.

"This innovation offers a powerful new tool for monitoring water quality and ensuring water saftety," said Prof. JIANG Changlong, who led the team.

The related research results have been published in Chemical Engineering Journal.

Heavy metals like mercury (Hg²⁺), lead (Pb²⁺), chromium (Cr³⁺), and copper (Cu²⁺) are common pollutants in our water systems. These contaminants are challenging to remove and can cause serious harm to both ecosystems and human health. Traditional methods of detecting these metals are often slow and require analyzing each metal one at a time, which is neither efficient nor convenient.

To overcome these limitations, the team designed microfluidic sensors on acrylic plates using a clever combination of capillary force and the hydrophobic nature of the plates’ inner surfaces. This setup allows for the creation of intricate microfluidic channels where the magic happens.

The key to these sensors is the use of organic fluorescent probes. These probes are not only cost-effective but also incredibly sensitive and selective. They can easily bind with specific heavy metal ions, causing them to light up and signal the presence of these contaminants.

The researchers built microfluidic chip arrays incorporating four different fluorescent probes, each designed to detect one of the target heavy metals. By using these probes, they created a highly sensitive, selective, and visual system that can simultaneously detect and measure the concentrations of Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cr³⁺, and Cu²⁺ in water.

The detection system works with a microfluidic chip and a smartphone equipped with color recognition technology. This means that not only can these heavy metals be detected in real-time, but the results can also be visualized and quantified instantly, making it a user-friendly and highly efficient solution for monitoring water quality.

This approach provides a faster, more accurate way to ensure our water is safe from harmful heavy metal contamination, according to the team.