Comparative Anatomy (IMAGE)
Caption
a, b, Comparison of the anatomy of the pectoral limb endoskeleton (a) and humerus (b) of stem-tetrapod fish (Panderichthys, Tiktaalik and Elpistostege) and an early tetrapod (Tulerpeton). Proximodistal rows of radials or digits are shown colour-coded according to the scheme in Fig. 4. Red arrows in b indicate the ectepicondyle. Panderichthys data are from ref. 13; Tiktaalik data are from ref. 4; Acanthostega data are from ref. 26; Tulerpeton data are from ref. 31. Images in b are modified from ref. 49. art.sf, articulation surfaces; lat.dor, attachment ridges for latissimus dorsi muscles; sup.rid, supinator ridge; rd.ext, attachment area for radial extensors; scap- hum., attachment area for scapula and humeral muscles.
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