Complete tumor ablation and fluorescence-guided surgery with TTBT-d28 nanoparticles in mouse models (IMAGE)
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This figure demonstrates the in vivo theranostic performance of TTBT-d28 nanoparticles (NPs) in orthotopic breast and colorectal cancer models. (a–c) NIR-II fluorescence, photoacoustic, and photothermal imaging showing efficient tumor accumulation. (d–e) Corresponding quantitative signal intensities. (f) Tumor growth curves showing complete regression after a single combined treatment (NPs + laser), with no recurrence over 15 days. (g) Body weight changes indicating no obvious toxicity. (h) Representative photographs of mice and excised tumors. (i–l) Comparative vascular imaging showing 25% improvement in spatial resolution and 31.4% increase in signal-to-background ratio for TTBT-d28 NPs over TTBT NPs. (m) Sequential images of NIR-II fluorescence-guided surgery: initial resection under white light appeared complete, but intraoperative fluorescence imaging revealed residual tumor at the margins; a second targeted resection guided by real-time feedback successfully removed all remaining tumor tissue. (n) Survival curves: untreated mice reached humane endpoints within 20 days, whereas mice undergoing TTBT-d28-guided surgery survived beyond 60 days. These results demonstrate that deuteration-enhanced fluorescence translates directly into tangible clinical benefits, enabling precise tumor margin delineation and significantly prolonged survival.
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