FIG 3 (IMAGE)

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FIG 3

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Fig. 3. Propane detection performance and spectroscopic characterization of the GS-PAS system. (a) PA signals at different propane concentrations from 10 to 100 ppm. (b) Linear fitting curve of PA signal versus propane concentration. (c) Comparison of PA signals between modulated CW laser (blue) and pulsed GS laser (red) at 60 mW average power for 100 ppm propane. (d) PA signal comparison between pulsed and modulated CW systems under identical 22.5 W pump power conditions. (e) N2 background noise. (f) Allan deviation analysis demonstrating a detection limit of 416 ppt at 200 s integration time. (g) Background noise comparison between 60 mW CW (blue) and pulsed (red) laser configurations. (h) PA spectrum of propane in the 3200-3550 nm range (blue) compared with HITRAN database reference spectrum (red).

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