Functional Immune Compartments of the Gut–Brain Axis (IMAGE)
Caption
Overview of specific immune cells of the gut–brain axis. Interconnected compartments, beginning with brain-resident immune cells such as microglia and astrocytes, which help maintain central nervous system (CNS) immune surveillance and actively respond to signals originating from the periphery. These signals often come from circulating peripheral immune cells, including monocytes, T cells, and neutrophils, which are capable of crossing the BBB under inflammatory conditions and further influencing neuroimmune dynamics. At the gut level, mucosal interface-associated immune cells such as dendritic cells and intestinal macrophages interact with the gut microbiota to regulate local immune responses and serve as key mediators in immune signaling. Complementing these are immune cells located within the GALT, including Th17 cells, regulatory T cells, and B cells, which help orchestrate systemic immune balance and influence brain function through the release of cytokines and the migration of activated cells along the GBA.
Image Source Link: https://journals.lww.com/cmj/fulltext/9900/gut_brain_axis_in_health_and_brain_disease.1925.aspx
Credit
Chinese Medical Journal
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