Atg14 HepKO mice have exacerbated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis on a Western diet. (IMAGE)
Caption
(A) IHC analysis of F4/80, Sirius Red staining, Trichrome staining and IF analysis of ACTA2, COL1 and COL3 in the liver of WT and Atg14 HepKO mice (n=4) fed a Western diet for 4 weeks. (B, C) Serum and hepatic TNF-α measurements in WT and Atg14 HepKO mice (n=10) fed a Western diet for 4 weeks. (D) Hepatic hydroxyproline measurements in WT and Atg14 HepKO mice (n=10) fed a Western diet for 4 weeks. (E) Immunoblot analysis of inflammation-related proteins, including iNOS, TLR4, p-RELA, RELA and IκBα, in the liver of WT and Atg14 HepKO mice (n=4) fed a Western diet for 4 weeks. (F) Immunoblot analysis of fibrosis-related proteins, including TGFBR1, p-SMAD3, SMAD3, PDGFRB, COL1, COL3 and TIMP1, in the liver of WT and Atg14 HepKO mice (n=4) fed a Western diet for 4 weeks. Data were represented by mean±SE. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 for WT versus HepKO. ACTA2, smooth muscle actin alpha 2; ACTN, actinin; ATG14, autophagy related 14; COL1, collagen 1; DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; HepKO, hepatocyte-specific knockout; IF, immunofluorescence; IHC, immunohistochemistry; IκBα, NF-κB inhibitor alpha; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; PDGFRB, platelet derived growth factor receptor beta; p-RELA, phospho-RELA; p-SMAD3, phospho-SMAD3; RELA, RELA proto-oncogene; SMAD3, SMAD family member 3; TGFBR1, transforming growth factor β receptor 1; TIMP1, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1; TLR4, toll like receptor 4; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor alpha; WT, wildtype.
Credit
By Barry Stein, Jun Wan, Xiaocheng Charlie Dong, et al.
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