Statin-based enhancement of cancer immunotherapy through reduced PD-L1-containing sEVs (IMAGE)
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A proposed model illustrating how tumor cells release PD-L1-containing small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that suppress T-cell activity, limiting the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Statins inhibit ubiquitin-like 3 (UBL3) modification, reducing the packaging of PD-L1 into sEVs. This leads to fewer immune-suppressive vesicles in circulation and may enhance the therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies.
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Kunihiro Tsuchida, Fujita Health University, Japan
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