How to construct uniform interfaces to achieve high-voltage lithium metal batteries (IMAGE)
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Figure 2. Electrochemical characterization of the Li||NCM811 cells. (a) Cycling performance of the coin cells at 1 C charge/1 C discharge in the voltage range of 3.0–4.4 V. (b) Cycling performances of the coin cells at 0.2 C charge/0.5 C discharge in the voltage range of 3.0–4.7 V. Corresponding selected charge/discharge curves in PAFE (c) and BE (d). (e) Cycling performance of the 1 Ah Li||NCM811 pouch cell operated at 0.1 C charge/0.1 C discharge in the voltage range of 3.0–4.7 V. Volumetric changes in 1 Ah lithium metal pouch cells using BE (f) and PAFE (g) electrolytes during cycling. The BE-based cell showed significant swelling after 20 cycles at 4.3 V, while the PAFE-based cell exhibited no noticeable expansion after 80 cycles at 4.7 V, demonstrating the effective suppression of gas generation by PAFE. (h) Outperforming recent state-of-the-art electrolytes.
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