Dose-response relationship between age difference and the risk of pregnancy cardiometabolic disorders. (IMAGE)
Caption
X-axis: The age difference was defined as grandmaternal age at delivery (grandmother’s age at the time of the mother’s birth) minus maternal age at delivery (mother’s age at the time of the child’s birth).
Y-axis: The odds ratio (OR) of maternal pregnancy cardiometabolic disorders, comparing risks at different age differences to the reference group (age difference = 0 years). An OR >1 indicates higher risk, while OR <1 indicates lower risk.
The red lines represent smoothed trend lines derived from restricted cubic spline regression, modeling the dose-response relationship between grandmaternal-maternal delivery age difference and the odds of maternal pregnancy cardiometabolic disorders. The shaded regions around the red lines denote the 95% confidence intervals, indicating the range within which the true odds ratio is likely to fall with 95% confidence.
Model 1: Adjusted for grandmaternal ethnicity, grandmaternal educational level, grandmaternal parity, maternal ethnicity, maternal educational level, maternal parity, maternal history of adverse pregnancy outcomes, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and fetus number. Model 2: Model 1 also adjusted for maternal age at delivery.
Credit
Xu X. et al
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