(IMAGE)

Yokohama National University

Caption

Spent coffee grounds are purified to yield holocellulose, which is then reduced to HCNFs using mechanical nanofibrillation. The HCNFs are 2-3 nm and 0.7-1 mm in length. An AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) image of the HCNF shows recrystallization of mannan.

Credit

Noriko Kanai, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Yokohama National University.

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