How aging leads to disease: New two-stage model explains age-related illness
Peer-Reviewed Publication
Updates every hour. Last Updated: 23-Jun-2026 02:15 ET (23-Jun-2026 06:15 GMT/UTC)
Kyoto, Japan -- Cancer immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that harnesses the immune system to fight cancer cells. The treatment involves CD8⁺ T cells, also known as killer T cells, which play a crucial role in attacking tumors. Unfortunately, these cells gradually become exhausted within the tumor microenvironment and lose their full functionality.
The exhaustion of killer T cells is linked to an imbalance in energy metabolism involving glycolysis, the breakdown of glucose into energy, and fatty acid oxidation, or FAO, the breakdown of fatty acids. Previous studies have established that glycolysis drives killer T cells toward terminal exhaustion while FAO can hinder this progression. Yet scientists still don't entirely understand how these two processes are balanced, how this contributes to terminal exhaustion, and how FAO contributes to anti-tumor immunity.
This motivated a team of researchers from Kyoto University to investigate this conundrum. A key physiological role of FAO is the consumption of fatty acids, so the team hypothesized that impaired FAO leads to intracellular fatty acid accumulation, thereby promoting toxic lipid peroxidation. The team focused on active aldehydes, the end products of lipid peroxidation, whose roles in immune cells have not been fully understood.
A simple blood test can help detect cancer in patients with non-specific symptoms such as fatigue, pain or weight loss. This is according to a Swedish study from Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital and others, published in Nature Communications.
Study found that nearly half of Medicare Part D beneficiaries with cancer are projected to reach the annual out of pocket cap, with about one-third doing so as early as January. Enrollment in Medicare Prescription Plan would allow beneficiaries to spread these costs across the year — substantially reducing monthly payment volatility.
Duke-NUS and NUHS scientists uncover a complex web of genetic, age-related and microbial factors that increase the risk of stomach cancer.
Researchers at Kumamoto University have developed a highly sensitive blood test that can detect subtle differences in how easily blood begins to clot, offering new possibilities for tailoring anticoagulant therapy and understanding disease-specific clotting abnormalities in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) are advancing precision oncology by delivering highly accurate, high-dose radiation that achieves strong local control across multiple cancers and survival benefits in oligometastatic disease. Ongoing technological innovations have improved treatment precision, reduced toxicity, and enabled efficient hypofractionated and single-session approaches. Emerging evidence also highlights synergy with immunotherapy and expanding applications beyond oncology, while future trials aim to standardize practice and optimize patient selection to further strengthen personalized cancer care.
Thanks to improved therapies, 85% of U.S. children diagnosed with cancer now survive at least five years, with more than half a million survivors in the country today. But this group faces a unique set of challenges after getting cancer treatment at a young age—including an increased risk for new cancers later in life, as well as heart, lung, brain and other complications. Survivorship care addresses these issues by screening for common health problems and treating them early, but many childhood cancer survivors never receive it. A Keck School of Medicine of USC review of more than 8,500 research publications found that barriers ranging from gaps in specialized care to emotional trauma may explain why many people with childhood cancer do not get the recommended survivorship care. For example, children with cancer are treated by pediatric oncologists in children’s hospitals. After recovery, they must seek follow-up care from a different provider—but it’s often unclear where to turn. Adding training on survivorship guidelines and care plans to medical school curricula is one key solution. In addition, specialized cancer care centers that offer survivorship care to adult patients can broaden their scope to welcome childhood cancer survivors. Survivors also miss out on care because of barriers at the personal level. Some people lack knowledge about survivorship care or hold inaccurate beliefs, including that care is not very important. Others actively avoid seeking follow-up care because of emotional trauma or distress related to getting cancer treatment at a young age. Helping survivors understand their risks and feel empowered can make them more likely to stay engaged in follow-up care, the review found. Solutions include giving patients a clear survivorship care plan and treatment summary before they leave pediatric care, along with shared decision-making tools that help patients, caregivers and providers collaboratively build the care plan. Peer mentorship programs can also support young adults as they navigate the transition from pediatric to adult care.