Nuclear Transcripts (IMAGE) Aarhus University Caption Nuclear transcripts without poly(A)-tagged 3'ends ('pA-') are normally targeted to the RNA exosome via the cofactor NEXT (left), whereas transcripts with a poly(A) tail ('pA+') are targeted via PAXT (right). If NEXT-dependent decay fails, target RNAs acquire a poly(A)-tail and are handed to the exosome by PAXT. Such two-layered targeting ensures the robust decay of potentially hazardous RNAs. Credit Guifen Wu and Manfred Schmid, Aarhus University Usage Restrictions Image may be used only to illustrate the research described in the accompanying release. License Licensed content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.