Figure 1. Timeline of research on extracellular ATP-mediated cell death and the evolution of the AICD concept (1929–2026). (IMAGE)

Medicine Discovery

Figure 1. Timeline of research on extracellular ATP-mediated cell death and the evolution of the AICD concept (1929–2026).

Caption

A selection of major milestones in the study of extracellular ATP-mediated cell death and AICD is presented. The timeline summarizes the independent discovery and early biochemical characterization of ATP, the subsequent proposal of ATP-mediated energy transfer and the purinergic neurotransmission hypothesis, the evolving understanding of the roles of extracellular ATP in membrane permeabilization and cell death, the identification of P2X7 receptor- and inflammasome-associated mechanisms, the expansion of AICD mechanisms and their cancer-related translational relevance, and the conceptualization of AICD, its extension across disease contexts, and the proposal of the AICD–AICS continuum framework. The figure is designed to capture the historical trajectory and conceptual development of AICD-related research. The cited studies represent selected milestones rather than an exhaustive review of research in this area.

Credit

Doblin Sandai, Wangzheqi Zhang, Xiaokun Li and Hao Pan / Medicine Discovery

Usage Restrictions

Credit must be given to the creator. Only noncommercial uses of the work are permitted.

License

CC BY-NC

Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.