vacuum chamber (IMAGE)
Caption
Custom-built vacuum chamber setup for the experiment: The round wafer, which is vertically mounted on a copper surface on the left, is coated with a platinum layer and was cooled down to -173 °C (100 K). Water vapor was released from the thin steel nozzle in the center, directly facing the wafer, which resulted in the formation of amorphous ice on the wafer. This ice was then excited by an optical laser and probed by X-rays coming in through the half-shadowed dark hole in the back of the chamber.
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photo/©: European XFEL
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