A graphical summary of NEC brain injury. (IMAGE)
Caption
A graphical summary of NEC brain injury. Schematic of NEC-associated brain injury. Colonization of the TLR4-rich premature gut by Gram-negative bacteria triggers intestinal inflammation and enterocyte necroptosis, releasing DAMPs such as HMGB1. These factors cross the compromised blood-brain barrier alongside infiltrating IFN-γ-producing CD4⁺ T cells, driving cerebral edema, reduced cortical thickness, impaired myelination, and altered gene expression linked to neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
Credit
World Journal of Pediatric Surgery
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CC BY-NC