Main mechanisms of aerobic physical activity on cardiovascular health. (IMAGE)
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Systematic aerobic PA can exert a range of positive health effects on cardiovascular health by mitigating multiple pathogeneses associated with CVD. Primarily, it enhances metabolic health by improving insulin sensitivity and increasing energy expenditure, which are crucial for preventing and managing conditions like hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and obesity. At the same time, it can also enhance the capacity and efficiency of the aerobic energy supply system, effectively improving CRF and the innate ability of muscles to extract and utilize oxygen from the blood. Evidence also suggests that regular aerobic PA can stimulate the development of coronary collateral blood vessels, increasing myocardial perfusion, and release exerkines that promote angiogenesis and vascularization, contributing to lowered BP and improved endothelial function, etc. It has also proven to play a major role in helping to promote cellular maintenance and repair processes. Collectively, these effects, in concert with other benefits including formulating a healthier metabolic milieu with attenuation of systemic chronic inflammation, adaptations at the vascular (antiatherogenic effects) and heart tissue (myocardial regeneration and cardioprotection) levels, as well as improvement in mitochondrial homeostasis, oxidative stress, autonomic balance and other risk factors, constitute the key biological basis for the role of aerobic PA in the prevention and treatment of CVD.
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