Evolutionary Hypothesis of Neuroticism’s Geometric Structure (IMAGE)

Science China Press

Evolutionary Hypothesis of Neuroticism’s Geometric Structure

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This figure illustrates the evolutionary hypothesis of neuroticism’s geometric structure. The study reveals two orthogonal dimensions: Gradient 1 represents general neuroticism intensity associated with well-being and mental health, while Gradient 2 (ERIS) captures the spectrum from emotional reactivity (worry, anxiety) to internal stability (fed-up, mood swings). High-ERIS individuals demonstrate better survival outcomes through risk-averse behaviors, suggesting these two dimensions serve distinct evolutionary missions—“ensuring survival” versus “pursuing happiness.”

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