PD trajectory is dynamic and modifiable across the entire lifespan. (IMAGE)

Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co., Ltd.

PD trajectory is dynamic and modifiable across the entire lifespan.

Caption

The Lifelong Neurobiological Trajectory framework for Parkinson's disease: (1) Vulnerability pathway (top, red) showing how early adversity → epigenetic dysregulation, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction → ↑ PD risk; (2) Lifespan timeline (middle, purple) spanning prenatal/infancy → childhood/adolescence → adulthood → aging with persistent neuroplasticity and intervention opportunities at every stage; (3) Resilience pathway (bottom, green) showing how protective factors (enrichment, nutrition, physical activity, cognitive stimulation) → neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and neurotrophic support → ↓ PD risk. 

Credit

Dr. Ayodeji Johnson Ajibare from Lead City University, Nigeria

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