Multifunctional roles of manganese in acidic oxygen evolution catalysis. (IMAGE)
Caption
Multifunctional roles of manganese in acidic oxygen evolution catalysis. This schematic summarizes the diverse ways in which manganese (Mn) contributes to efficient and durable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysis under acidic conditions. Drawing inspiration from biological water oxidation, Mn-based materials provide fundamental stability and redox flexibility, while in engineered catalysts Mn acts as a support, electronic structure regulator, reaction mechanism converter and reconstruction trigger. Specifically, through metal–support interactions, Mn oxide carriers stabilize single atoms or clusters; through electronic modulation, Mn tunes energy levels, conductivity, oxidation states, and electron spin configurations of active metals; and through surface reconstruction, it enables dynamic formation of active phases such as amorphous RuOₓ shells on Ru–Mn alloys. Mn also promotes alternative reaction pathways, reducing the lattice oxygen loss and improving catalyst durability. Collectively, these multifunctional roles enable Mn-containing catalysts to achieve high activity and long-term stability, advancing their practical application in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) for sustainable hydrogen production.
Credit
Jun Chen, et al
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