Schematics and representative images of ex vivo stimulation and neural signal recording from the mouse retina. (IMAGE)
Caption
Schematics and representative images of ex vivo stimulation and neural signal recording from the mouse retina. a Schematic illustration showing the insertion of the bipolar microneedle electrode array (BMEA) into the degenerated retina (black dashed box) from the epiretinal surface (i.e., retinal ganglion cell side). The inset shows a cross-sectional view of a single bipolar electrode within the degenerated retinal tissue. Red dashed arrows indicate the direction of electric current flow, and the red-shaded region denotes the stimulated area. b A microscope image of a mouse retina placed on the BMEA. The isolated mouse retina is outlined with a white dashed line, and dark dots covered by the retina are images of bipolar microneedle electrodes, while white dashed circled bipolar microneedle electrodes that worked as the stimulation electrodes. c A photograph of the experimental setup, showing an anchor to press down a retina tissue onto the BMEA, perfusion components (solution inlet and outlet), and two amplifiers connected to a main printed circuit board. The white dashed outline indicates the anchor to stably fix the retina tissue. d Schematic representation of the ex vivo experiment system, including a current generator for electrical stimulation, an artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) perfusion system, and an Intan RHD recording system for measuring spiking activities
Credit
Microsystems & Nanoengineering
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