Figure 1 (IMAGE)
Caption
Conceptual diagram of the 180-degree phase indeterminacy arising when measuring the rotation angle of cosmic birefringence. Light (represented by the yellow character in the diagram) possesses a direction called polarization (shown as red lines in the diagram). The phenomenon where this direction rotates during light propagation is called “cosmic birefringence.” Since researchers can only observe the current state, they cannot distinguish between all the states depicted in the diagram. Although the light character in the diagram has a face, it obviously has no face in reality, so researchers must judge solely based on the direction of polarization.
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Naokawa, Namikawa, higgstan.com
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