Preoperative VEGFR-TKI Plus ICI Therapy Facilitates 3D-Guided Cytoreductive Nephron-Sparing Surgical Feasibility and Immune Remodeling in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (IMAGE)
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Preoperative VEGFR-TKI plus ICI therapy in advanced ccRCC normalizes tumor vasculature, enhances CD8⁺ T/B cell infiltration, and promotes TLS maturation, leading to profound tumor microenvironment remodeling. These immunologic changes improve the feasibility of 3D reconstruction-guided robotic cytoreductive nephron-sparing surgery, resulting in reduced blood loss, fewer complications, preserved renal function, and prolonged survival.
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Wenhao Xu
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