Figure 1 | Narwhal-shaped wavefunction. (IMAGE)
Caption
Figure 1 | Narwhal-shaped wavefunction. The mode volume characterizes the spatial confinement of an electromagnetic eigenmode and directly determines the strength of light–matter interactions. It is defined as the ratio of the total electric energy density integrated over all space to its peak value. Achieving strong confinement requires designing eigenmodes whose field distributions decay rapidly across space, thereby enhancing the energy density per unit volume. Narwhal-shaped wavefunctions, which combine local power-law enhancement with global exponential decay, enable light to be focused and compressed far beyond conventional limits under lossless conditions.
Credit
Renmin Ma et al.
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CC BY