VLPs-inducing immunity (IMAGE)
Caption
Upon administration, VLPs are uptake by APC, like dendritic cells. VLPs can be presented by MHC-I or MHC-II, which are recognized by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, respectively. For cellular response, CD8+ cells differentiate in cytotoxic T cells, releasing IFN-γ to exert their cytotoxicity activity in cancer cells. In humoral response, CD4+ cells differentiate into T helper cells (TH1/TH2), TH1 maintains the activity of cytotoxic T cells, and TH2 releases IL-4 and IL-10, inducing B cell activation. Once activated, B cells release IgG antibodies, enabling their antineoplasic effects. APC, antigen-presenting cells; IFN- γ, interferon-gamma; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IL-4/-10, interleukin-4/-10; MHC-I/II, major histocompatibility complex class I/II; TH, T helper cells; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; VLP, virus-like particles.
Credit
Janaina Fernandes
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