Organelle dysfunction in insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic disease (IMAGE)
Caption
How mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress act as central drivers of IR and metabolic disease progression. The reciprocal reinforcement between the dysfunction and hyperinsulinemia-inflammation cycle may ignite a self-propagating loop of metabolic disruption. Additionally, the diagram integrates MD and ER stress within the framework of the “Ominous Octet”, highlighting their pivotal role in metabolic dysregulation. Targeting both IR and its underlying cellular impairments is imperative for developing effective therapeutic interventions. Mitochondria and ER images were adopted from Pixabay.
Credit
Swarup K. Chakrabarti
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License
CC BY-NC