Controlled crystallization dynamics of high-concentration perovskite precursors with EGTHCl additive (IMAGE)
Caption
Crystallization process of 2.0 mol L⁻¹ perovskite precursor solutions without (a) and with (b) EGTHCl additive observed under optical microscopy (scale bar: 100 μm). (c) In situ UV-Vis absorption spectra of wet films during annealing, comparing samples without and with EGTHCl. (d) Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) analysis showing linear fits of 2θ-sin²ψ for control and EGTHCl-modified perovskite films. (e) Schematic phase evolution of perovskite film formation with and without EGTHCl molecules.
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