Flow field evolution and thrust behavior of rotors in Free Water Surface Effect (IMAGE)
Caption
Three distinct phenomena are observed: (1) depression stage—surface sinking without droplets; (2) fountain stage—mild deformation with outward splashing; and (3) boiling stage—intense droplet ejection and atomization. These phenomena support the development of a predictive model for rotor thrust under free water surface effects.
Credit
Chinese Journal of Aeronautics
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