DNA methylation and demethylation dynamics. (IMAGE)

First Hospital of Jilin University

DNA methylation and demethylation dynamics.

Caption

(A) DNA methylation is maintained by DNMT1 on hemimethylated DNA after replication, while DNMT3A/3B catalyse de novo methylation on unmethylated DNA. In mammals, this modification is primarily found at CpG dinucleotides. (B) DNMTs use SAM as a methyl donor to convert cytosine into 5mC, while TET enzymes oxidise 5mC to 5hmC, 5fC and 5caC, which can be passively diluted through replication or actively removed via BER. 5caC, 5-carboxylcytosine; 5fC, 5-formylcytosine; 5hmC, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine; 5mC, 5-methylcytosine; α-KG, α-ketoglutarate; BER, base excision repair; DNMTs, DNA methyltransferases; Me, methylation; SAH, S-adenosylhomocysteine; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine; Succ., succinate; TETs, Ten-Eleven Translocation enzymes.

Credit

By arbara Bueloni, Maite Garcia Fernandez de Barrena, Matias Antonio Avila, Juan Bayo, Guillermo Mazzolini

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License

CC BY-NC

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