Tumor Microenvironment Dynamics: The Regulatory Influence of Long Non-coding RNAs (IMAGE)
Caption
Aberrantly expressed lncRNAs within the TME are emerging as critical players in tumor growth, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. These lncRNAs influence a wide range of cellular processes, including the regulation of gene expression, modulation of cell signaling pathways, and interactions with various components of the immune system and ECM. Their role in shaping the complex interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment makes them vital for sustaining tumor development. Additionally, lncRNAs regulate processes such as EMT, angiogenesis, immune evasion, and the maintenance of cancer stem cells, all of which contribute to tumor aggressiveness and therapy resistance. As research continues to explore the roles and mechanisms of lncRNAs in the TME, it holds great potential for uncovering new insights into tumor pathogenesis and progression. This expanding knowledge could pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies specifically targeting lncRNAs, offering more precise and effective cancer treatments. For example, targeting lncRNAs involved in immune evasion could enhance immunotherapy efficacy, while inhibiting lncRNAs that promote metastasis may help prevent cancer spread. Despite these promising prospects, the clinical application of lncRNAs as therapeutic targets remains in its early stages, with several significant challenges still to overcome. One major hurdle is the complexity and diversity of lncRNAs’ functions, which require a thorough understanding of the context-specific mechanisms through which they operate. Furthermore, developing robust and specific strategies for lncRNA knockdown or inhibition is essential to avoid off-target effects that could lead to unintended consequences. Identifying suitable delivery systems for targeting lncRNAs within the TME is also critical, as these molecules are often difficult to deliver effectively due to their size and structure.
Credit
Ilgiz Gareev, Ozal Beylerli
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License
CC BY-NC