Spatial distribution of historical compound low-solar-low-wind (LSLW) extremes. (IMAGE)
Caption
In the top-left panel, the spatial distribution of compound LSLW extremes is shown, with frequency indicated by color and intensity by shading for the historical period (1961-1990). The top-right panel presents the schematic diagram of physical processes for interdiurnal correlation. East Asia is mainly influenced by two weather systems, namely the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and the Mongolian-Siberian high (MSH). In low latitudes, the westward extension of WPSH induces suppressed activity in situ, resulting in predominantly clear and calm conditions. Meanwhile, prevailing southerly winds in the west flank of the WPSH transport moisture from the tropics to East Asia, leading to cloudy (low solar) and windy (high wind) conditions. In mid-high latitudes, cold front invades East Asia under the northerly wind of MSH accompanied cloudy (low solar) and windy (high wind) weather conditions. While in mountainous regions, such as Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Hengduan Shan, local obstructive effects lead to decreasing wind speed (low wind) and uplift topography with decreasing temperature leads to cloudy conditions (low solar). The bottom-left panel shows the spatial distribution of interdiurnal correlation between wind and solar resource. The bottom-right panel displays the likelihood multiplication factor of our estimated co-occurrences of compound LSLW extremes relative to the counterfactual cases assuming low-solar and low-wind events are independent.
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