(p)ppGpp-dependent repair pathways (black arrows) illustrating the role of (p)ppGpp and the set of proteins regulated by (p)ppGpp in each repair pathway (IMAGE)
Caption
Red arrows indicate the DNA repair pathways that are known to aid bacterial survival as persisters and gamblers in the presence of fluoroquinolones. Blue color arrow indicates downregulation, while purple color indicates upregulation in the presence of (p)ppGpp. (Created with Biorender.com) ArcZ, small RNA that regulates ArcA/B regulon; DinB, DNA polymerase IV named for its DNA Damage, inducible role; DsrA, small RNA named from Downstream Regulatory RNA A; HokB, Toxin protein belonging to the toxin, antitoxin system (name derived from ‘Host Killing’); MutS/MutH, mismatch repair proteins that play a role in preventing mutations; Obg, GTPase protein named after its association with SpoO sporulation factor of Bacillus; RecA, Recombinase A; RecBCD, Recombinase BCD; RuvC, recombination protein that resolves UV induced damaged complexes that undergo recombination; SOS, Save Our Soul; UmuCD, translesion synthesis polymerases named after their role in UV mutagenesis.
Credit
Smitha Sivapragasam
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