50 Ways to Kill your Microbe (IMAGE)

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

50 Ways to Kill your Microbe

Caption

E. coli bacteria exposed to production of each of the nine different new toxins (PT1-PT9) for 40 minutes showing different cell defects demonstrating different bacterial killing mechanisms. Fluorescent microscope images are shown with staining of DNA (blue), membrane (green) or an overlay of DNA and membrane staining. Scale bar: 2 µm. Arrows point to abnormal cells. Ctr: Normal untreated E. coli cells. PT1Em led to DNA degradation. PT2Nm led to elongated cells that cannot divide. PT3Rs led to DNA leakage from cells. PT4Ka led to membrane disintegration and swollen cells. PT5Rb led to cell aggregation. PT6Mc led to elongated cells. PT7Bc led to DNA disappearance and membrane movement to the poles. PT8Li: abnormal shaped E. coli and DNA degradation. PT9Cn led to minichromosomes.

Credit

Yaara Oppenheimer-Shaanan

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