A new Northwestern University study published in Nature Communications suggests early diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy disorders could start during pregnancy — as early as 15 weeks gestation — well before symptoms appear, highlighting the potential benefit of treating certain epilepsy disorders as early as possible. The study reveals for the first time how a novel RNA‑based treatment affects brain cell signaling when applied at early stages of development in a rare, severe and treatment‑resistant form of epilepsy caused by changes in a gene called KCNT1. If given very early — possibly even in utero, or for preterm infants — the treatment may help protect the developing brain from hyper-excitation, a means to reduce long‑term neurological harm, the study found. 

An intestinal pathogen reshapes the gut environment to fuel its own colonization and cause diseases. A multi-institutional research team showed that enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), which causes diarrhea and has been implicated in colitis (inflammation of the colon) and colorectal cancer, uses a toxin it produces to reprogram intestinal cell metabolism and generate conditions that support its growth. The study, published April 30 in the journal Cell, points to new therapeutic strategies for disrupting the growth of pathogens like ETBF.

A new paper in Nicotine and Tobacco Research finds that while research has previously found that vaping is associated with subsequently quitting smoking, that may not always be true. In fact, it appears that studies limited to people who actually want to quit smoking are less likely to find this relationship.