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Drought-resistant plant genes could accelerate evolution of water-use efficient crops

DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Peer-Reviewed Publication

Scientists at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have identified a common set of genes that enable different drought-resistant plants to survive in semi-arid conditions, which could play a significant role in bioengineering and creating energy crops that are tolerant to water deficits.

Journal: Nature Communications
Funder: DOE/US Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Genomic Science Program, Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program

Scaling deep learning for science

DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Peer-Reviewed Publication

Using the Titan supercomputer, a research team based at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed an evolutionary algorithm capable of generating custom neural networks that match or exceed the performance of handcrafted artificial intelligence systems. The research team's algorithm, called MENNDL (Multinode Evolutionary Neural Networks for Deep Learning), is designed to evaluate, evolve, and optimize neural networks for unique datasets in a matter of hours.

World's smallest fidget spinner showcases access to serious science facility

DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory

One drop of liquid, a cutting-edge laser 3-D-printer and a few hours are all it takes to make a fidget spinner smaller than the width of a human hair. The tiny whirligig was created by researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences to illustrate the facility's unique resources and expertise available to scientists across the world. The microscale fidget spinner measures only 100 microns wide, or one tenth of a millimeter.

ORNL wins nine R&D 100 Awards

DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Grant and Award Announcement

Researchers at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have received nine R&D 100 Awards in recognition of their significant advancements in science and technology.

Cyanobacterial studies examine cellular structure during nitrogen starvation

DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Researchers from Washington University in St. Louis and ORNL are using neutrons to study what happens when cyanobacteria cell samples are starved for nitrogen. They are especially interested in how this process affects phycobilisomes, large antenna protein complexes in the cells that harvest light for photosynthesis.

INCITE grants of 5.95 billion hours awarded to 55 computational research projects

DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Grant and Award Announcement

The US Department of Energy's Office of Science announced 55 projects with high potential for accelerating discovery through its Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (INCITE) program. The projects will share 5.95 billion core-hours on three of America's most powerful supercomputers dedicated to capability-limited open science and support a broad range of large-scale research campaigns from infectious disease treatment to next-generation materials development.

Funder: DOE/US Department of Energy, Advanced Scientific Computing Research

Neutrons probe oxygen-generating enzyme for a greener approach to clean water

DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Peer-Reviewed Publication

A new study sheds light on a unique enzyme that could provide an eco-friendly treatment for chlorite-contaminated water supplies and improve water quality worldwide. An international team of researchers used neutron analysis at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, X-ray crystallography and other techniques to study chlorite dismutase, an enzyme that breaks down the environmental pollutant chlorite into harmless byproducts. Their results advance understanding of the catalytic process involved to support future applications in bioremediation and biotechnology.

Journal: ACS Catalysis

Resisting the resistance: Neutrons search for clues to combat bacterial threats

DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Researchers from ORNL's Neutron Sciences Directorate are conducting a series of experiments to better understand how resistant bacteria use enzymes called beta-lactamases to break down the beta-lactam class of antibiotics.

Neutron spectroscopy reveals common 'oxygen sponge' catalyst soaks up hydrogen too

DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Having the right tool for the job enabled scientists at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory and their collaborators to discover that a workhorse catalyst of vehicle exhaust systems -- an 'oxygen sponge' that can soak up oxygen from air and store it for later use in oxidation reactions -- may also be a 'hydrogen sponge.' The finding may pave the way for the design of more effective catalysts for selective hydrogenation reactions.

Story tips from the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory, November 2017

DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Peer-Reviewed Publication

Story tips from ORNL, November 2017: Fast-learning computing technique supports hurricane damage assessments; neutrons unlock liquid flow mystery; 'puckering' 2D material creates tunable energy gap; window air conditioning prototype allows safe use of propane refrigerant; graphene nanoribbons become semiconductors through precise electrical contacts.

Journal: Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie/International journal of research in physical chemistry and chemical physics
Funder: Department of Energy, Office of Science

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