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Scientists from two-dozen research organizations led by the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute have decoded genomes of two algal strains, highlighting the genes enabling them to capture carbon and maintain its delicate balance in the oceans. These findings, published in the April 10 edition of the journal Science, will illuminate cellular processes related to algae-derived biofuels being pursued by DOE scientists.

Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have taken a major step forward in the technology of spintronics by controlling spin states of highly mobile electrons at different locations in a semiconductor and turning the collective state on and off at will. The discovery also represents a new conservation law, an important advance in fundamental physics.

Every night approximately 3,000 astronomical files flow to the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center from automated sky scanning systems all over the world for archiving. Now, a multidisciplinary team from NERSC is developing a user-friendly database system and interface to instantly serve up high-resolution cosmic reference images to astronomers around the globe. Called the Deep Sky project, this database could eventually help other scientific disciplines share massive datasets as well.

Researchers with the US Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), working with TEAM 0.5, the world's most powerful transmission electron microscope, have made a movie that shows in real-time carbon atoms repositioning themselves around the edge of a hole that was punched into a graphene sheet. This is the first ever live recording of the dynamics of carbon atoms in graphene.